The principles, difficulty classification, basic principles and types of rock climbing

Principles of rock climbing, difficulty division, basic principles and types

　　　　　The principle of rock climbing

　　　Rocking does not require large muscle groups to perform continuous movements like some endurance sports. It looks more casual. However, in actual operation, rock climbing has many requirements for climbers.

　　There are some basic principles that can be provided to all climbers. First, the hands and feet are smooth and can make your movement smooth; second, balance, sensitivity, and softness can better help climbing; third, during rock climbing, the importance of endurance is far greater than strength; fourth, climbing requires the climber to put weight on his feet, which is more important than using his hands. It is much better to pull the body up with the best situation. The best situation is to complete the climb with the least force; fifth, try to keep relaxed. Relaxation is very helpful in saving energy. Many climbs are intuitive, and moving can be achieved naturally for the relaxing mind.

　　Of course, before climbing, people need to know some basic skills. Warm up is very important, and omitting this step is easy to get hurt. The best way to warm up is to jog for 10 to 15 minutes. If it is outdoor climbing, there is no spacious track near the rock wall in most cases, but climbers can run in place and improve their knees as much as possible, plus jumping and back kicking. In this way, the next climb has been completed. Muscle strain can be avoided during the process.

　　In addition, the sense of balance can be practiced through bouldering. There is not much difference between bouldering and rock climbing. Generally speaking, the height of rock climbing is about 20 meters, while bouldering is limited to 6 meters. In this way, bouldering does not require ropes, seat belts, quick hanging equipment protection. Just lay a 30-50-centimeter thick sea mat under the climbing wall to prevent the contestants from falling off. The contestants do not need to include safety equipment. A pair of climbing shoes and a magnesium powder bag can meet the needs of climbers. Being able to return to the ground at any time is the benefit of bouldering, but be careful to avoid hurting the ankle.

　　Difficult Rock Climbing

　　Rock Climbing is difficult The birth and development of the degree level is mainly to adapt to regional exchanges and competition needs. If a rock climber comes to a strange climbing site, he needs to have a general concept of the overall difficulty in order to effectively choose the area that suits him. On the other hand, the difficulty level also allows the contestants to accurately measure their strength, compare their abilities with general standards, and thus determine the training direction.

　　The level determination of the competition route can also make the competition more open to the contestants and the audience. In the 1950s, American rock climbers divided the mountains and rock walls into six levels according to the steepness and climbing difficulty:

　　Level 1 is a level road walking (level Walking);

　　Level 2 is a trekking over terrain;

　　Level 3 is a steeper mountain road that almost does not require protection;

　　Level 4 is a rope may be necessary; 　　Level 5 is a technical rock climbing, which belongs to our rock climbing category;

　　Level 6 is a direct aid climbing).

　　Compared with the US standards, Britain, France and other countries also have their own system standards. The international rock climbing industry has made an integrated comparison to make world-wide communication more convenient. Now, it is generally believed that the athletes on 5.12 are at the medium level, and the 5.13 enters the advanced stage, and the top athletes' strongest climbing ability is at 5.14 or higher.

　　For rock climbers, the level of the most difficult routes in the world has been slowly but constantly improving, constantly changing unclimbable routes into climbable. This is exactly the goal of rock climbers.

　　Body requirements for rock climbing

　　Although rock climbing sports requires athletes' physical shape, the requirements for basketball, volleyball, throwing, etc. High eyes, but also has its own obvious characteristics. In rock climbing competitions, when the span between the fulcrums is large, height and arms will have a clear advantage. In addition, weight can reflect the fullness of the body to a certain extent. Excessive weight will directly destroy the flexibility of climbing, increase the inertia of the body and various parts, and thus reduce the ability of muscle contraction. Therefore, rock climbers must have the corresponding weight proportional to height in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort. The best weight of rock climbers (height-110) × 90%.

　　Basic tips for rock climbing

　　　Catch, grab the raised parts of the rock with your hands.

　　　Click, use your hands to hold the edges, gaps and edges of the rock.

　　　Take, and before grabbing On the premise of a firm fulcrum, the forearm is pressed against the rock wall and clenched the cracks of the rock or other terrain.

　　　Push, use the rock bodies or objects on the sides and below to move the body with the strength of the arm.

　　　　Step, extend your hand into the cracks, flex the palms or fingers to open the cracks of the rocks as fulcrums and move the body.

　　　Push, use the force of the inside of the forefoot or toe to support the body to reduce the burden on the upper limbs.

　　Span, use your own flexibility to avoid difficulties and seek favorable support points.

　　　Hang, hang the rocks with the toes or heels to maintain body balance and move the body.

　　　Push, use the larger fulcrum to lower the front of the foot to reduce the burden on the upper limbs, Moving body.

　　Types of rock climbing

　　Rocking has developed into three types of sports:

　　1. Climbing cliffs. This is very popular in Europe, America and other countries and Japan in Asia, because it is a basic technology that climbers must master, which has attracted a large number of mountaineering and rock climbing enthusiasts.

　　2. Recreational rock climbing (or bouldering climbing). In fact, rock climbing is an expansion and extension of rock climbing, and bouldering climbing is more dynamic and practical.

　　3. Artificial rock wall climbing. Since the 1980s, people have become popular all over the world. Due to the many inconveniences to climb natural rock walls, people have begun to develop artificial rock walls in densely populated and noisy urban areas, and most of them are used for competitions.